• ps, top — General process listing and stats.
  • lsof — List open files, including sockets and descriptors.
  • vm_stat — Virtual memory stats.
  • sysctl — Kernel parameters and hardware info.
  • dtrace — For advanced tracing (like inspecting file accesses, syscalls, etc.) - if needed, see Disabling and Enabling System Integrity Protection
  • launchctl — View and control user/system daemons and environment variables.