- Leetcode
- Advent of Code
- Puzzles :: Jane Street
- Dashboard | HackerRank
- Catalog | CodeCrafters
- Learn X in Y minutes
- Topcoder Competitive Programming track
- Spring 2021 Schedule - Full Stack Deep Learning
- Programming Languages - Hyperpolyglot
- About - Project Euler
- Python Tutor helps you do programming homework assignments in Python, Java, C, C++, and JavaScript. It contains a step-by-step visual debugger and AI tutor to help you understand and debug code.
- GNU Scientific Library — GSL 2.6 documentation
- Software - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation
- Home - Cookiecutter Data Science
- Streamlit • The fastest way to build and share data apps
- Maintaining Balance for Open Source Maintainers | Open Source Guides
- GitHub Accelerator
- Chmod Calculator
- Online UUID Generator Tool
- before you code, learn how computers work - take-home messages: learn C, an ASM variant, do RE challenges on crackmes.one, get a board like an STM32 Nucleo
- Ryan’s Tutorials - A collection of introductory technology tutorials e.g. on Advanced regular expressions or algorithms
- ✨ The “Basics” from Putting the “You” in CPU
Theoretical Computer Science topics and resources are stored under ✨ Algorithms and Data Structures ✨ including the Resources section
Concepts
- Church–Turing thesis - Wikipedia || The Church-Turing Thesis (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
- Turing completeness - Wikipedia
- Turing machine - Wikipedia
- Lambda calculus - Wikipedia
- Programming language theory - Wikipedia
- Semantics (computer science) - Wikipedia
- Invariant-based programming - Wikipedia
- Invariant (mathematics) - Wikipedia
- Invariants in computer science: In computer science, an invariant is a logical assertion that is always held to be true during a certain phase of execution of a computer program. For example, a loop invariant is a condition that is true at the beginning and the end of every iteration of a loop.
- Class invariant - Wikipedia
- Generic programming - Wikipedia
- Resource acquisition is initialization - Wikipedia (RAII)
- SOLID - Wikipedia
- Extract, transform, load - Wikipedia
- Dependency injection - Wikipedia -design-pattern
- Data-rate units - Wikipedia - see this also for the distinction between e.g. gigabit per second and gibibit per second
- Types
- Type system - Wikipedia
- Data type - Wikipedia
- What is the difference between a strongly typed language and a statically typed language?
- Duck typing - Wikipedia || What is duck typing?
- Covariance and contravariance (computer science) - Wikipedia
- as in
_T_co = TypeVar("_T_co", covariant=True)in the PyTorchDatasetclass definition:class Dataset(Generic[_T_co]) - Covariance, Invariance and Contravariance explained in plain English?
- PEP 484 – Type Hints peps.python.org - contains a discussion of covariance and contravariance
- Contravariance explained
- as in
- Classes
- Operating system - Wikipedia
- fork (system call) - Wikipedia
- System resource - Wikipedia
- Memory
- Memory-mapped file - Wikipedia
- File IO With Memory Mapping Using Python mmap - Real Python - contains useful general primer before Python-oriented discussion
- Memory-mapped files for efficient data processing Oxford Protein Informatics Group
- How does memory mapping a file have significant performance increases over the standard I/O system calls?
- Handle (computing) - Wikipedia
- File descriptor - Wikipedia (for Unix and Unix-like computer operating systems)
- mutex
- Inter-process communication - Wikipedia
- InfiniBand - Wikipedia
- Sockets:
- Network socket - Wikipedia - “Because of the standardization of the TCP/IP protocols in the development of the Internet, the term network socket is most commonly used in the context of the Internet protocol suite, and is therefore often also referred to as Internet socket. In this context, a socket is externally identified to other hosts by its socket address, which is the triad of transport protocol, IP address, and port number.”
- Berkeley sockets - Wikipedia
- Unix domain socket - Wikipedia
- Opaque data type - Wikipedia
- Storage (non-volatile memory):
- PCI Express - Wikipedia
- Asynchronous Programming & Concurrency
- Program execution:
- Translation
- Compiler
- Compile time
- Optimizing compiler
- Intermediate representation (IR)
- Execution
- Runtime system
- Runtime
- Executable
- Interpreter
- Virtual machine
- Types of code
- Source code
- Object code
- Bytecode
- Machine code
- Microcode
- Binaries, object code, shared libraries
- Pointer (computer programming) - Wikipedia
- Functions
- Lazy evaluation - Wikipedia
- Closure (computer programming) - Wikipedia
- Foreign function interface - Wikipedia
- Application binary interface - Wikipedia
- Garbage collection (computer science) - Wikipedia
- Zero-copy - Wikipedia
- Testing
- Software rot - Wikipedia || “bit rot”
- Test harness - Wikipedia
- What is test harness?
- also explains why Eleuther AI called it their lm-evaluation-harness
- tar (computing) - Wikipedia
- Compression
- Universally unique identifier - Wikipedia (see also the Online UUID Generator Tool)
- Concepts - see the note directly; now all concepts are moved out into that note.
- m4 (computer language) - Wikipedia - a macro processor designed by Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie, which is part of the POSIX standard and used in the Python source codebase (cpython specifically, where it accounts for ~0.4% of the code as of 2025-04-24)
- Daemon (computing) - Wikipedia
- init - Wikipedia
Programming Paradigms
Programming paradigm - Wikipedia
- Alan Kay Did Not Invent Objects
- Why Isn’t Functional Programming the Norm? – Richard Feldman
- Functional programming - Wikipedia
- Modular programming - Wikipedia
- Imperative programming - Wikipedia
- Declarative programming - Wikipedia
- What is the difference between declarative and imperative paradigm in programming?
Design Patterns & Best Practices (inc. Refactoring)
- ✨ The Catalog of Design Patterns
- ✨ Refactoring
- Generic programming - Wikipedia
- Object composition - Wikipedia
- Inheritance (object-oriented programming) - Wikipedia
- Prototype-based programming - Wikipedia
- Class-based programming - Wikipedia
- Composition over inheritance - Wikipedia
Articles
Miscellanea
- symbolhound.com - remembered fondly; may you rest in peace