Sha (Cyrillic) - Wikipedia

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Not to be confused with Щ, ש, Ɯ, or ա.

Cyrillic letter Sha
Phonetic usage:
The Cyrillic script
Slavic letters

А	А̀	А̂	А̄	Ӓ	Б	В	Г
Ґ	Д	Ђ	Ѓ	Е	Ѐ	Е̄	Е̂
Ё	Є	Ж	З	З́	Ѕ	И	І
Ї	Ꙇ	Ѝ	И̂	Ӣ	Й	Ј	К
Л	Љ	М	Н	Њ	О	О̀	О̂
Ō	Ӧ	П	Р	С	С́	Т	Ћ
Ќ	У	У̀	У̂	Ӯ	Ў	Ӱ	Ф
Х	Ц	Ч	Џ	Ш	Щ	Ꙏ	Ъ
Ъ̀	Ы	Ь	Ѣ	Э	Ю	Ю̀	Я
Я̀

| | Non-Slavic letters | |

Ӑ	А̊	А̃	Ӓ̄	Ӕ	Ә	Ә́	Ә̃
Ӛ	В̌	Ԝ	Г̑	Г̇	Г̣	Г̌	Г̂
Г̆	Г̈	Ҕ	Ғ		Ӻ	Ғ̌	Ӷ
	Д́	Д̌	Д̈	Д̣	Д̆	Ӗ	Е̃
Ё̄	Є̈	Ԑ	Ԑ̈	Җ	Ӝ	Ӂ	Ж̣
Ҙ	Ӟ	З̌	З̣	З̆	Ӡ	И̃	Ӥ
Ҋ	Қ	Ӄ	Ҡ	Ҟ	Ҝ	К̣	Ԛ
ᴫ	Л́	Ӆ	Ԯ	Ԓ	Л̈	Ӎ	ᵸ
Н́	Ӊ	Ң	Ԩ	Ӈ	Ҥ	О̆	О̃
Ӧ̄	Ө	Ө̄	Ө́	Ө̆	Ӫ	Ԥ	П̈
Ҏ	Р̌	С̌	Ҫ	С̣	С̱	Т́	Т̈
Т̌	Т̇	Т̣	Ҭ		У̃	Ӳ	У̊
Ӱ̄	Ұ	Ү	Ү́	Х̣	Х̱	Х̮	Х̑
Х̌	Ҳ	Ӽ	Ӿ	Һ	Һ̈	Ԧ	Ц̌
Ц̈	Ҵ	Ҷ	Ҷ̣	Ӵ	Ӌ		Ҹ
Ч̇	Ч̣	Ҽ	Ҿ	Ш̣	ꚜ	Ы̆	Ы̄
Ӹ	ꚝ	Ҍ	Ҩ	Э̆	Э̄	Э̇	Ӭ
Ӭ́	Ӭ̄	Ю̆	Ю̈	Ю̄	Я̆	Я̄	Я̈
Ӏ	ʼ	ˮ

| | Archaic or unused letters | |

	А̨	Б̀	Б̣	Б̱	В̀	Г̀	Г̧
Г̄	Г̓	Г̆	Ҕ̀	Ҕ̆		Ԁ	Д̓
Д̀	Д̨		Ԃ	Ꚁ	Ꙣ	Е̇	Е̨
Ж̀	Ж̑			Ꙃ	Ꙅ		Џ̆
Ꚅ	Ꚅ̆	Ꙁ	З̀	З̑	Ԅ	Ԇ	Ꚉ
Ԫ	Ꚃ	Ꚕ			І̂	І̣	І̨
	Ј̵	Ј̃	Ꙉ	К̓	К̀	К̆	Ӄ̆
К̑	К̇	К̈	К̄	Ԟ	К̂
Л̀	Ԡ	Ꙥ	Ԉ	Л̑	Л̇	Ԕ
		М̀	М̃	Ꙧ	Н̀	Н̄	Н̧
Н̃	Ԋ	Ԣ	Н̡	Ѻ	Ꙩ	Ꙫ	Ꙭ
ꙮ	Ꚙ	Ꚛ				П̓	П̀
П́	Ҧ	П̧	П̑	Ҁ	Ԛ̆		Р́
Р̀	Р̃		Ԗ	С̀	С̈	Ԍ	Ҫ̓
	Т̓	Т̀	Ԏ	Т̑	Ꚋ	Т̧	Ꚍ
Ꚍ̆				ОУ	Ꙋ		У̇
У̨	ꙋ́	Ф̑	Ф̓	Х́	Х̀	Х̆	Х̇
Х̧	Х̾	Х̓		һ̱	Ѡ	Ꙍ	Ѽ
Ѿ	Ꙡ	Ц̀	Ц́	Ц̓		Ꚏ	Ꚏ̆
		Ꚑ	Ч́	Ч̀	Ч̆	Ч̑	Ч̓
		Ԭ	Ꚓ	Ꚇ	Ꚇ̆	Ҽ̆	Ш̀
Ш̆	Ш̑	Щ̆	Ꚗ	Ꚗ̆		Ъ̄	Ъ̈
Ъ̈̄	Ꙑ	Ы̂	Ы̃		Ѣ́	Ѣ̈	Ѣ̆
Ꙓ	Э̨	Э̂	Ꙕ	Ю̂			Ꙗ
Я̈	Я̂	Я̨	Ԙ	Ѥ	Ѧ	Ꙙ	Ѫ
Ꙛ	Ѩ	Ꙝ	Ѭ	Ѯ	Ѱ	Ѳ	Ѵ
Ѷ	Ꙟ

| |

• List of Cyrillic letters
• List of Cyrillic multigraphs

| |

• v
• t
• e

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Sha, from Alexandre Benois’ 1904 alphabet book. It shows Shuty (“jesters”) and sharʺ (“sphere”).

Sha, She or Shu, alternatively transliterated Ša (Ш ш; italics: Ш ш) is a letter of the Glagolitic and Cyrillic scripts. It commonly represents the voiceless postalveolar fricative /ʃ/, like the pronunciation of sh in “ship”. More precisely, the sound in Russian denoted by ш is commonly transcribed as a palatoalveolar fricative but is actually a voiceless retroflex fricative /ʂ/. It is used in every variation of the Cyrillic alphabet for Slavic and non-Slavic languages. ^{[citation needed]}

In English, Sha is romanized as sh or as š, the latter being the equivalent letter in the Latin alphabets of Czech, Slovak, Slovene, Serbo-Croatian, Macedonian, Latvian and Lithuanian.

History[edit]

Sha has its earliest origins in Phoenician Shin and is possibly linked closely to Shin’s Greek equivalent: Sigma (Σ, σ, ς). (The similar form of the modern Hebrew Shin (ש), which is probably where the Cyrillic letter was actually derived from, derives from the same Proto-Canaanite source). Sha already possessed its current form in Saints Cyril and Methodius’s Glagolitic alphabet. Most Cyrillic letter-forms were derived from the Greek, but as there was no Greek sign for the Sha sound (modern Greek uses simply “Σ/σ/ς” to spell the sh-sound in foreign words and names), Glagolitic Sha (Ⱎ) was adopted unchanged. There is also a possibility that Sha was taken from the Coptic alphabet, which is the same as the Greek alphabet but with a few letters added at the end, including one called “shai” (Ϣϣ) which somewhat resembles both sha and shcha (Щ, щ) in appearance.

Usage[edit]

Sha is used in the alphabets of all Slavic languages using a Cyrillic alphabet, and of most non-Slavic languages which use a Cyrillic alphabet. The position in the alphabet and the sound represented by the letter vary from language to language.

| Language | Position in alphabet

| Represented sound | Romanization | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Belarusian | 27th | voiceless retroflex fricative /ʂ/ | sh | | Bulgarian | 25th | voiceless postalveolar fricative /ʃ/ | sh | | Macedonian | 31st | voiceless postalveolar fricative /ʃ/ | š or sh | | Russian | 26th | voiceless retroflex fricative /ʂ/ | sh | | Serbian | 30th | voiceless retroflex fricative /ʂ/ | š | | Ukrainian | 29th | voiceless postalveolar fricative /ʃ/ | sh | | Uzbek (1940–1994) | 20th | voiceless postalveolar fricative /ʃ/ | sh | | Mongolian | 28th | voiceless postalveolar affricate /ʃ/ | š | | Kazakh | 34th | voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative /ɕ/ | ş | | Kyrgyz | 29th | voiceless postalveolar fricative /ʃ/ | ş | | Dungan | 32nd | voiceless retroflex fricative /ʂ/ | sh | | other non-Slavic languages | | voiceless postalveolar fricative /ʃ/ | |

Use in mathematics[edit]

The Cyrillic letter Ш is internationally used in mathematics for several concepts:

In algebraic geometry, the Tate–Shafarevich group of an Abelian variety A over a field K is denoted Ш(A/K), a notation first suggested by J. W. S. Cassels. (Previously it had been denoted TS.) Presumably the choice comes from the first letter of Шафаре́вич = Shafarevich.

In a different mathematical context, some authors allude to the shape of the letter Sha when they use the term Shah function for what is otherwise called a Dirac comb.

The shuffle product is often denoted by ш.^[1]

[edit]

• ش : Arabic letter Shin/Sin
• Ⱎ : Glagolitic letter Sha/ša
• Ⱋ : Glagolitic letter Shta/šta or Shcha/šča
• Щ щ : Cyrillic letter Shcha
• ⧢ : Shuffle product
• Ʃ ʃ : Latin letter Esh
• Š š : Latin letter S with caron
• Ŝ ŝ : Latin letter S with circumflex
• Ş ş : Latin letter S with cedilla
• Ș ș : Latin letter S with comma below

Computing codes[edit]

Character information

Preview	Ш		ш
Unicode name	CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHA		CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHA
Encodings	decimal	hex	dec	hex
Unicode	1064	U+0428	1096	U+0448
UTF-8	208 168	D0 A8	209 136	D1 88
Numeric character reference	Ш	Ш	ш	ш
Named character reference	Ш		ш
KOI8-R and KOI8-U	251	FB	219	DB
Code page 855	246	F6	245	F5
Code page 866	152	98	232	E8
Windows-1251	216	D8	248	F8
ISO-8859-5	200	C8	232	E8
Macintosh Cyrillic	152	98	248	F8

References[edit]

1. ^ “Unicode Character ‘SHUFFLE PRODUCT’ (U+29E2)“.

External links[edit]